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S. LLOYD WIEGAND, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WALTER J. BUDD, OF SAME PLAOE.

Lettert- Patent No. 82,460, dated September 22, 1868; antedated September 4,1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-GENERATORS.

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Be it known that I, Si. LLOYD WIEGANmof the city of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying: drawings, and the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in applying, to that class of steam-generators or'boilers in which double tubes are employed, oblique or spiral wings or guides, which operate by imparting tothe contents of sucl1 boilers a rotary motion, and thus developing a. centrifugal or tangential force, by which means I am enabled to improve the eh'icieucy of the heating-surfaces, as well as to insure a more thorough circulation of the contents of the boiler, and thus promote the cleanliness thereof in a manner that will hereinafter appear. i

Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation.

Figure 2 shows a side elevati-on partly in section.

Figure 3 shows a tube iu section. together with a portion of the tube-plate and a deiecting-'cap marked d.

The remaining figures represent parts in detail. v

Upon the external surface of the internal tube D, I fix oblique or spiral projections, b b, &c., inthe form of separate fins or wings, as shown in Figure 8. These fins or wings b may be made of uniform pitch, but I believe that they operate best to be made of accelerated pitch, or what is known to some mechanics as a gaim twistl. They may project horizontally or at right angles to the axis of the tube to vwhich they are attached, or they may be inclined upward, as shown in fig. 3, and do not require necessarilyto be fastened to theinterna tube, but would be equally ecient andpperative if fastened to the internal surface of the external tube B, orV1 if in any other way secured in position in the annular space betweenthe internal tube D and the external tube B.`

' The lower portion of the external tube B is closed by a cap, M, and the upper portion'or end of the tube B is inserted in the conical or bell-shaped adjutage'C C, which adjutage may be either a component part of theAtube-plate or bottom of the boiler-body G, or a part of the tube B, or-a separate piece, and facilitates the flow from the tubesB to the vessel G. v

The internal tube D does not reach to the bottom of the cap M, but is prevented from'so doing by the projection or uted pyramid N contained in the-cap M, and is long enough to reach up into the body, G, ofthe boiler or steam-generator. v

-By increasingthe number of wings, b, lor fins around the tube B, at the upper portion within the adjutage C, I form a winged guide resembling somewhat in appearance the guide of a Jonval turbine, as shown'in Figure 11.

The operation of the wings b b in this instance is the same as the-others, b Z1, iu the annular space below between the external and internal tubes. Y

In the upper portion oi' the internal tube D, I form mouths, e c c, resembling those of a central-vent waterwheel, as shown in Figure 7, which shows a section in the plane e y, Figure 4, which mouths e e aredirected toward the rotating current produced by the wings Z1 b b Zz, Ste. Over the top of the tube D,I sometimes'place a dome, d, shown in figs. I, 3, 4, 5, and 6, which dome d is composed of wings, e e e e, that are curved inward, so asvto direct the rotating current therein contained toward the mouths c c c of the internal tube D.

The form of the upper portion ofthe internal tube may be varied without essentially altering its characteristic properties, upon which its utility depends. Thus, in figs. land 2 it is straight or prismatic, in fig. 3 it is conical, in tig. 4 more conical, and, in Figure 9, of the form of a leaf-bud, or it may be expanded to theformofv a mushroom, as shown in Figure 12, in which case the mouths c c c c are best placed upon thc under side only, v

and the top made with small perforations.

. The diaphragmel E E E E" are for the purpose 'of breaking up' bubbles of steam, and insuring'a more nearly uniform liberation of the steam from the water-surface in all parts ot' the vessel vGr than would otherwise be obtained.

The hand-hole plate O, shown in Figure 10, separately, is used with the head of the bolt P fitting easily in the pocketf, and, by means of the bridge Q and nut R, drawn home to its bearing, as shown in fig. 2.

The operation of the generator is as follows.:

Upon the tubes B B B and D D D and lower portion of the vessel G beinglled with water, so that the perforated diaphragms E E and E are submerged, and heat being applied to the tubes B B, the water in the annular spaces between the tubes B and D becomes heated, and consequently specifically li'ghter than that which is cooler in the internal tube D; therefore, the heavier column in D descends and raises the lighter column in the annular spaces, and as the water in D passes into the annula-rspaces, it in turn becomes heated and lighter, and the action thus becomes continuous. l

The watcr,in rising in the annular spaces, meets the spiral wings 6 b b, and acquires a. rotary motion, which being attended with a. development of a centrifugal force so soon as any steam is formed in the annular spaces, the water being denser than the steam, and therefore possessing greater centrifugal force thanthe steam, is forced into intimate contact with the internal surfaces of the tubes B, and the steam lies nearer to the internal tube D in the ascending column. The rising and rotating motion of the columns in the annular space continuing, upon reaching the conical adjutages C C, the water and steam pass, by reason of their centrifugal force, into the more remote parts ofthe vessel G, but in so doing create an eddy or rotating current around the upper portions of the tubes D,`and this revolving current is caught by the mouths c c c of the internal tubes D, and the supply of water -to the descending columns in the tubes D is maintained, and this effect is secured more certainly by the revolving current issuing from the adjutages C meeting the delecting wings e e c e of the domes 0l and determining the revolving current towards the mouths c c of the internal tubes. At thc same time the wings ev e e, by breaking up the steam-bubbles, facilitate their easy separation. from the Water as they rise to the surface.

I do n'otbroadly claim as my invention the use of spiral guides to produce rotation of the contents of vertical or inclined boiler-tubes, being aware that continuous spiral guides of uniform pitch have been proposed for that purpose; those, therefore, I distinctly disclaim; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure as such by Letters Patent, is-

1. The oblique or spiral detlectors or guides in double boiler-tubes, substantially as shown and described.

2. The tangential or spiral mouths, as shown, for conducting a supply of fluid to the descending columns in double tube-boilers, as shown and described.

3. The deecting caps or domes, or the equivalents thereof, substantially as shown and described.

4. The conical adjutages C C, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto aixed my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

S. LLOYD WIEGAND.

Witnesses:

EDM. F. BROWN, R. MASON. 

